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03 February 2025

The Complaints Department

Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA)

Subject: Complaint Regarding Harmful Content and Request for Ban on All Media Platforms

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to you on behalf of the Dika-Moka Youth Development Forum, a community-based organization dedicated to empowering young people and promoting their well-being. We are deeply concerned about the proliferation of harmful content across various media platforms, including streaming services, the internet, and television, and we urge ICASA to take immediate action to address this issue.

Description of the Problem

Harmful content, including explicit violence, pornography, hate speech, and the promotion of substance abuse, is increasingly accessible to the public, particularly to minors. This content is widely available on:

Streaming platforms (e.g., Netflix, Showmax, YouTube).

Social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, TikTok).

Television broadcasts (both local and international channels).

Websites and online forums. (porn sites)

This type of content is not only inappropriate but also poses significant risks to the mental, emotional, and social development of young people. It normalizes harmful behaviors, perpetuates gender-based violence, and undermines the values of respect, equality, and dignity that our society strives to uphold.

Impact of Harmful Content

Psychological Harm: Exposure to violent or explicit content can lead to anxiety, depression, and distorted views of relationships and sexuality.

Social Harm: Harmful content promotes negative behaviors such as violence, substance abuse, and discrimination, which contribute to societal decay.

Cultural Harm: It erodes cultural and moral values, particularly in communities where traditional norms emphasize respect and decency.

Exploitation: The production and distribution of such content often involve the exploitation of vulnerable individuals, including women and children.

EXAMPLES

Violent Content

Graphic Violence: Programs that depict intense physical violence, bloodshed, or gore.

War and Crime: Shows that glorify war, criminal activities, or violent behavior.

Horror: Horror movies or series with frightening scenes, monsters, or supernatural elements that can cause fear and anxiety.

Sexual Content

Explicit Scenes: Programs with explicit sexual scenes, nudity, or strong sexual references. Shows that explore adult relationships or themes in a manner unsuitable for children.

Strong Language

Profanity: Programs that contain frequent use of swear words, offensive language, or derogatory terms.

Hate Speech: Content that includes hate speech or promotes discrimination based on race and gender

Substance Abuse

Alcohol and Drugs: Shows that depict or glorify the use of alcohol, tobacco, or illegal drugs. Addiction: Programs that portray substance abuse in a way that could be seen as acceptable or glamorous.

Political and Social Commentary

Content that includes intense political or social commentary which which is further dividing the people.

Reality TV and Talk Shows

Sensational Content: Reality shows or talk shows that focus on sensational, controversial, or inappropriate topics. Programs featuring unscripted behavior that may include conflicts, arguments, or inappropriate language.

Adult Cartoons and Animated Series

Mature Humor Animated series intended for adults that contain mature humor, sexual innuendos, or violent themes.

Satirical Content

Cartoons that use satire to address adult topics in a way that is not suitable for children.

News and Current Affairs

Sensitive Topics: Coverage of sensitive topics such as terrorism, war, or crime that may be distressing for viewers.

Music Videos

Explicit Lyrics: Music videos with explicit lyrics, sexual content, or violent imagery.

Inappropriate Behavior: Videos that depict inappropriate behavior, substance abuse, or other adult themes.

Commercials and Advertisements

Misleading Content: Commercials that may mislead children or promote unhealthy behaviors like hair products, gambling, skin products, food and beverages (alcohol)

Porn

People face the risks of exposure to exploitative content, which can perpetuate harmful gender stereotypes and contribute to societal issues like gender-based violence. Access to explicit material is often unregulated, exacerbating these impacts.

Request for Action

We respectfully request that ICASA take the following steps to address this critical issue:

Ban Harmful Content: Implement a comprehensive ban on the distribution of harmful content across all media platforms, including streaming services, the internet, and television.

Strengthen Regulations: Enforce stricter regulations to ensure that all media platforms comply with ethical and legal standards, particularly regarding the protection of minors.

Monitor and Enforce: Establish a robust monitoring system to identify and remove harmful content promptly.

Public Awareness Campaigns: Launch educational campaigns to inform the public about the dangers of harmful content and promote responsible media consumption.

Collaborate with Stakeholders: Work with media platforms, civil society organizations, and government agencies to develop and implement effective solutions.

Legal and Ethical Basis

The distribution of harmful content violates several laws and regulations, including:

The Films and Publications Act, which prohibits the distribution of explicit or harmful material.

The Electronic Communications Act, which regulates broadcasting and online content.

The Constitution of South Africa, which guarantees the right to dignity, equality, and the protection of children.

Conclusion

As an organization committed to the well-being of young people, we believe that banning harmful content is essential to safeguarding the future of our society. We trust that ICASA will take this matter seriously and act swiftly to address our concerns.

Please feel free to contact me at info@dika-moka.com if you require further information or would like to discuss this matter in greater detail. We look forward to your response and hope to collaborate with ICASA in creating a safer media environment for all South Africans.

Yours sincerely,

Frans Ramoba

Dika-Moka Youth Development Forum

I am writing to formally lodge a complaint regarding deeply concerning content broadcasted and published by Etv, DSTV and SABC. This content appears to systematically instigate crimes such as rape, alcoholism, drug use, gambling, prostitution, and murder, while disproportionately targeting parentless homes and parent-headed households. Such portrayals not only violate ethical journalism but also perpetuate harmful stereotypes and social decay, contributing to the destabilization of vulnerable communities in South Africa.

Key Concerns:

Promotion of Criminal Behavior: Numerous programs and articles sensationalize or normalize criminal acts, including violence and substance abuse, without contextual responsibility. This risks glorifying illegal activities and desensitizing audiences, particularly youth 11.
Exploitation of Vulnerable Groups: Content focusing on parentless or single-parent households often reinforces stigmatization, indirectly encouraging predatory behavior or systemic neglect. This violates Section 1.1 of the Press Code, which mandates accuracy, fairness, and avoidance of harm 11.
Dumbing Down of Society: Misleading narratives and sensationalist reporting undermine public discourse, eroding critical thinking and exacerbating societal divides.
Mental health issues: Increased anxiety, depression, and compulsive behaviors.
- Unhealthy sexual scripts: Exposure to violent or deviant content (e.g., rape, incest) normalizes harmful behaviors and distorts perceptions of consent and intimacy.
- Long-term relationship challenges: Adolescents exposed to pornography often struggle with trust, communication, and sexual aggression in adulthood.
  The Institute for Family Studies emphasizes that unrestricted access to such content undermines healthy adolescent development and calls for stronger safeguards, including age verification and parental controls.
  5. Developmental Risks for Children and Adolescents
  The accessibility of pornography online has created a "new form of childhood," where minors are exposed to explicit content earlier and more frequently than any previous generation. Studies show that underage pornography use is now the norm.

Legal and Ethical Violations:

The Press Code of Ethics explicitly prohibits publishing material that incites harm, discriminates, or promotes illegal activities. The repeated airing of such content constitutes a Tier 3 breach under the Press Council’s sanctions framework, warranting severe penalties, including expulsion from the Council’s jurisdiction for non-compliance. Monetary fines may also apply if outlets fail to adhere to rulings.

Action Requested:

Immediate Removal: Demand the cessation and removal of all content that glorifies criminality or targets vulnerable households.
Public Accountability: Require offending publications to issue front-page apologies (or equivalent prominence for digital platforms) to redress harm.
Investigation: Convene a hearing to address recidivism and enforce stricter compliance measures, as per the Ombud’s authority

Conclusion:

South Africa’s media landscape holds immense power in shaping societal norms. By allowing such content to persist, broadcasters undermine national progress and violate their duty to uphold ethical standards. I urge the broadcaster to act swiftly to curb this malpractice and safeguard public interest.

Please acknowledge receipt of this complaint and provide updates on actions taken. For further details or evidence, I am available at info@dika-moka.com.

Sincerely,
Frans Ramoba
www.dika-moka.com
10 February 2025

Dear Leadership of the SANDF,

I write this letter as a concerned citizen deeply troubled by the state of security within our own borders. While I acknowledge and appreciate the role of the SANDF in peacekeeping missions across Africa, I cannot ignore the glaring challenges we face at home. It is disheartening to see our armed forces engage in international operations while South Africa itself struggles with escalating crime, corruption, and lawlessness.

Every day, South Africans live in fear due to rampant issues such as murder, rape, theft, drug trafficking, prostitution, and corruption—many of which are perpetrated by organized groups that operate openly. Families mourn missing loved ones, communities suffer from unrelenting violence, and law-abiding citizens feel increasingly abandoned. If we cannot ensure peace and stability within our own country, how can we credibly offer peace to others?

Our country faces a crisis of confidence in law enforcement and national security structures. The SANDF, as a key institution responsible for national defense, must do more to address these issues. Strengthening border security, assisting the police in combating organized crime, and restoring order in high-crime areas should be prioritized before focusing on missions abroad.

I urge you to reconsider the allocation of resources and manpower, ensuring that our own people are protected first. The safety and well-being of South Africans must take precedence over foreign operations. Only when we achieve stability at home can we effectively contribute to peace beyond our borders.

I hope this letter is taken in the spirit of constructive concern and that decisive action will be taken to restore safety and confidence among the citizens of South Africa.

Sincerely,
Frans Ramoba

20 February 2025

2025-02-18 12:27

Below is an organized summary of the email correspondence grouped by two main topics—Video Footage & Security Concerns and Health & Safety (Astroturf/Chemicals)—with the messages arranged in chronological order.

Topic 2: Health & Safety Concerns (Astroturf/Chemicals/Cleaning Procedures)

Fri, Sep 13, 2024, 1:31 PM
From: Frans Ramoba
To: Yamini Rowjee
Content:
- Raises a health concern regarding the fake grass/astroturf, noting that his children have been getting sick for several months.
- Mentions that this concern was initially raised on 13 August 2024 but not adequately addressed.
Fri, Sep 13, 2024, 3:00 PM
From: Frans Ramoba
To: Yamini Rowjee
Content:
- Emphasizes his belief that the astroturf is harmful and environmentally damaging, and criticizes the school for not addressing the potential health risks sooner.
Mon, Sep 16, 2024, 09:08 AM
From: Yamini Rowjee
To: Frans Ramoba
Content:
- Explains the maintenance routine for the astroturf:
  - It is "blown" (i.e. cleared) early in the morning and after school.
  - It is washed during the holidays when the school is empty.
- Adds that classrooms are deep cleaned each holiday, with additional fogging if many children are reported sick, and that staff are reminded to keep windows open for ventilation.
- Offers to discuss further after school if needed.
Tue, Sep 17, 2024, 10:48 PM
From: Frans Ramoba
To: Yamini Rowjee
Content:
- Requests detailed information including:
  - The full maintenance schedule for the astroturf.
  - A list of chemicals used in cleaning and any other equipment involved.
- Explains that they did not get a response from the initially contacted staff and reiterates the urgency due to ongoing health concerns.
Thu, Sep 19, 2024, 11:02 AM
From: Yamini Rowjee
To: Frans Ramoba
Content:
- Informs him that she is awaiting the necessary documents from the relevant departments and will forward them once received.
Mon, Sep 23, 2024, 11:43 AM
From: Frans Ramoba
To: Yamini Rowjee
Content:
- A brief acknowledgment ("OK") in response to previous communication.
Wed, Sep 25, 2024, 11:18 AM
From: Yamini Rowjee
To: Frans Ramoba
Content:
- Provides the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) from their service provider.
- Explains that deep cleaning occurs during the holidays and that termly health and safety checks are conducted by the Curro Health and Safety Department.
Fri, Oct 4, 2024, 12:52 PM
From: Frans Ramoba
To: Yamini Rowjee
Cc: Joe Mulaudzi (Facilities) and Lisa Dowds (Executive Head)
Subject: Re: Video footage
Content:
- Asks again for the MSDS and requests a full report of the health and safety checks conducted by the department.
- Also demands details on all the ingredients used in making the astroturf and the dishwasher.
(Undated, following the Oct 4 email)
From: Lisa Dowds (Executive Head, Curro Academy Wilgeheuwel)
To: Frans Ramoba
Content:
- Acknowledges that she has been copied on much of the correspondence.
- Requests clarification on what specific information or outcome Mr. Ramoba is trying to establish so that the correct and relevant details can be provided.
(Also Undated; part of the Health & Safety thread)
From: Frans Ramoba addressed to Lisa
Content:
- Reiterates his concerns as a "concerned parent" and asks for a clear list of the school’s health and safety checks along with the ingredients of the astroturf and dishwasher.

Dangers of Artificial Turf and Legal Implications in South Africa

1. Chemical Exposure and Toxicity

Artificial turf often contains harmful chemicals such as:
Lead and heavy metals: These are particularly harmful in playgrounds and sports fields where children are frequently exposed. Lead is toxic to the nervous system, especially for young children, and can cause developmental issues.
Benzene and VOCs: These are volatile chemicals that can off-gas into the air, contributing to air pollution and increasing the risk of cancer, respiratory issues, and other health problems.
PFAS: Known as “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down in the environment, PFAS have been linked to cancer, liver damage, and other health problems.
Phthalates: These are commonly used to make plastics more flexible and are associated with hormone disruption, affecting reproductive health, and other long-term health issues.
Cadmium, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), which can pose health risks, including respiratory issues and skin irritation.
Legal Implication: Under the South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) (Act No. 85 of 1993), employers and facility managers must ensure a safe environment. Exposure to hazardous substances without proper risk mitigation could lead to legal action.
Criminal Law Aspect: If negligence in handling or disclosing chemical risks results in harm, criminal charges under common law (culpable homicide or assault) could apply.

2. Heat Retention and Burns

Artificial turf absorbs and retains more heat than natural grass, leading to surface temperatures that can cause burns, dehydration, and heatstroke.
Legal Implication: Schools, sports facilities, and municipalities must comply with OHSA (Act No. 85 of 1993) to ensure safe play environments. Failure to do so could result in liability for negligence.
Criminal Law Aspect: If extreme heat conditions cause serious injury due to gross negligence, criminal charges could arise under reckless endangerment or negligent injury provisions.

3. Injury Risks

Artificial turf has been linked to higher injury rates compared to natural grass due to:
- Hard surface impact (leading to concussions and joint injuries).
- Higher friction (causing burns and abrasions).
- Increased risk of ACL injuries due to lack of natural shock absorption.
Legal Implication: Organizations may be liable under premises liability laws if they fail to maintain safe playing conditions.
Criminal Law Aspect: If an entity knowingly ignores safety warnings and an individual sustains severe or life-threatening injuries, this could lead to criminal negligence charges.

4. Microplastic Pollution & Environmental Laws

Some turf materials degrade into microplastics, contaminating soil and water.
Runoff from artificial turf may contain chemicals that violate South African environmental protection laws.
Legal Implication: Under the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act No. 107 of 1998), any entity responsible for environmental pollution may face fines, penalties, or litigation.
Criminal Law Aspect: Intentional environmental harm could lead to criminal prosecution under NEMA, including heavy fines and imprisonment.

5. Maintenance and Health Inspections

Many jurisdictions require regular inspections and compliance with health and safety regulations.
Institutions using artificial turf (schools, stadiums, public parks) must conduct Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) reviews for the chemicals used in turf maintenance.
Legal Implication: Failure to conduct safety inspections could result in fines or administrative action under OHSA (Act No. 85 of 1993).
Criminal Law Aspect: Deliberate non-compliance with safety standards that leads to injury or death could result in criminal liability.

Key Legal Standards and Regulations in South Africa

South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) (Act No. 85 of 1993)
South African Constitution (Section 24 - Environmental Rights)
National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act No. 107 of 1998)
Criminal Law (Common Law and Statutory Offenses)
Consumer Protection Act (CPA) (Act No. 68 of 2008) - Product Safety Regulations

Failure to comply with these regulations could result in civil liability, regulatory penalties, or even criminal prosecution. It is crucial for organizations and individuals to assess and mitigate the risks associated with artificial turf usage.

I hope you find all this information useful.

Thank you very much.

Frans Ramoba

0615866287

www.dika-moka.com

To Whom It May Concern

I am writing to formally report serious concerns regarding the management and practices at Curro Academy, specifically involving the safety of students and the lack of accountability by senior management. I have attempted to resolve these matters directly with the academy's leadership, but my concerns have been ignored or dismissed without adequate resolution.

1.Toxic Astro Turf Grass
I raised concerns with Lisa Dowds headmasters about the astro turf grass used on the school premises, which children play on and interact with regularly. The turf is maintained by a company that refuses to disclose the chemicals used in its treatment. Despite providing evidence of potential harmful substances in the turf, they dismissed my concerns, stating that the turf is "not harmful" without providing any supporting documentation or investigation.

3.Lack of Response from Management
Despite my repeated attempts to address these issues directly with Curro Academy's management, I have been met with indifference, delays, and a lack of meaningful action. This has left me with no choice but to escalate the matter to the relevant authorities.

Request for Intervention
I kindly request that your office investigate these matters to ensure the safety and well-being of all students at Curro Academy. Specifically, I urge you to:
1. Investigate the safety of the astro turf grass and demand full disclosure of the chemicals used.
2. Address the lack of transparency and accountability in the management's handling of parental concerns.
3. Ensure that the academy complies with all relevant health, safety, and educational regulations.

I am happy to provide additional evidence or documentation to support my claims and assist in any investigation. Please let me know if there are any further steps I need to take to facilitate this process.

Thank you for your attention to this urgent matter. I trust that you will take the necessary actions to safeguard the students and uphold the standards expected of educational institutions.

Yours sincerely,
Frans Ramoba
0615866287

Dika-Moka youth development forum

www.dika-moka.com

06 March 2025

Good morning, Vinod chatergoon

Could you provide an update on the reported safety concerns related to the AstroTurf posing risks to children at Curro Academy? Under South African law, parties could be held legally accountable in this situation?

Summary of Key Considerations:
1. Status of the AstroTurf Issue:
Direct verification with the school.

2. Legal Framework in South Africa:
Children’s Act (2005): Mandates protection of children from harm, including unsafe environments.
Occupational Health and Safety Act (1993): Requires employers/institutions (e.g., schools) to ensure safe premises.
Consumer Protection Act (2008): Potentially applies if the AstroTurf was defectively supplied/installed.
Common Law Liability: Negligence or failure to act on known risks could lead to delictual claims for damages.

3. Accountability:
-School Management/Governors: Responsible for maintaining safe facilities.
-Service Providers/Contractors: If improper installation/maintenance caused the hazard.
-Regulatory Bodies: Municipalities or education departments may face scrutiny for oversight failures.

4. Consequences of Delays:
- Legal penalties (fines, injunctions), civil lawsuits for harm/injury, or reputational damage.
- Criminal charges (e.g., culpable homicide) in extreme cases of negligence leading to severe harm.

Regardds

Frans Ramoba

www.dika-moka.com

FromDika Moka Youth Development forum <info@dika-moka.com >Toinfo@sahrc.org .zaBccinfo@npa.gov.za, information@health.gov.za, info@environment.gov .za

Dear Sir/Madam

I hope this email finds you in good health. I am reaching out to express my concern about the alarming presence of harmful chemicals in beauty products that are disproportionately affecting children, particularly among African communities.

Recent studies have highlighted the potential risks associated with the use of certain beauty products that contain harmful substances such as [specific chemicals if known, e.g., phthalates, parabens, etc.]. These chemicals have been linked to numerous health issues, especially among young and developing children, making it imperative that we take action to protect the most vulnerable population in our society.

The causes of this problem are multifaceted, including inadequate regulation, lack of awareness, and marketing practices targeting young children. To safeguard their health, it is vital that we advocate for stricter regulations on cosmetic ingredients, promote awareness campaigns regarding the potential dangers of these products, and support initiatives aimed at providing safe alternatives.

I urge you to prioritize this issue and work collaboratively with stakeholders, including health organizations, educators, and community groups, to create an action plan that addresses the potential risks and promotes safer practices.

Thank you for your attention to this critical matter. I look forward to your response and to seeing positive changes that will benefit our children’s health.

Sincerely,

Frans Ramoba
Director
0615866287
www.dika-moka.com

Here’s a detailed breakdown of harmful chemicals commonly found in hair and skin products, their health risks, and regulatory status globally:

1. Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-Releasing Agents
Found in: Hair straightening treatments, nail polish, body washes.
Health Risks:
-Carcinogenic: Classified as a Group 1 carcinogen (IARC) linked to nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia.
-Respiratory Issues: Inhalation causes asthma, throat/nose irritation, and lung damage.
-Skin Reactions: Burns, dermatitis, and allergic reactions.
Regulations:
- EU: Banned in aerosol products; restricted to 0.1% in other cosmetics.
- US: No outright ban; FDA issues warnings but allows use with warnings if >0.1%.
- Canada: Restricted in leave-on products.

2. Parabens (Methylparaben, Propyl paraben)
Found in: Shampoos, moisturizers, makeup (preservatives).
Health Risks:
- Endocrine Disruption: Mimic estrogen, potentially increasing breast cancer risk (controversial, but detected in tumor tissues).
- Reproductive Harm: Linked to reduced sperm count and ovarian dysfunction in animal studies. Regulations:
- EU: Banned in products for children under 3; restricted in others.
- US: No federal ban; some states (e.g., California) restrict certain parabens.

3. Phthalates (DEP, DBP)
Found in: Fragrances, nail polish, hairsprays.
Health Risks:
- Hormone Disruption: Linked to early puberty, reduced fertility, and birth defects.
- Liver/Kidney Damage: Chronic exposure harms organs.
- Asthma: Inhalation exacerbates respiratory issues.
Regulations:
- EU: Banned DBP, DEHP, and BBP in cosmetics.
- US: No federal ban; California restricts DBP and DEHP under Prop 65.

4. Sulfates (SLS/SLES)
Found in: Shampoos, cleansers, soaps.
Health Risks:
- Skin Irritation: Strips natural oils, causing dryness, eczema, and acne.
- Contaminant Risk: SLES may contain traces of carcinogenic 1,4-dioxane.
Regulations
- Global: Not banned, but 1,4-dioxane levels are restricted in the EU (<10 ppm).

5. Coal Tar
Found in: Dandruff shampoos, psoriasis treatments.
Health Risks:
- Carcinogenic: IARC Group 1 (linked to skin, lung, and bladder cancers).
- Skin Sensitivity: Photosensitivity and allergic reactions.
Regulations:
- EU: Banned in cosmetics.
- US: Allowed in OTC drugs (e.g., psoriasis shampoos) with warning labels.

6. Hydroquinone
Found in: Skin-lightening creams, acne treatments.
Health Risks:
- Ochronosis: Blue-black skin discoloration with prolonged use.
- Organ Toxicity: Linked to kidney/liver damage and thyroid dysfunction.
Regulations:
- EU: Banned.
- US: Available OTC up to 2%, prescription-only for higher concentrations.

7. Talc
Found in: Baby powder, eyeshadows, blushes.
Health Risks:
- Ovarian Cancer: Controversial link (IARC classifies genital use as "possibly carcinogenic").
- Lung Damage: Inhalation causes talcosis (in miners).
Regulations:
- Global: No bans, but lawsuits (e.g., Johnson & Johnson’s $2B settlement) highlight risks.
- EU: Requires asbestos-free certification.

8. Mercury
Found in: Illegal skin-lightening creams, some imported products.
Health Risks:
- Neurotoxicity: Causes tremors, memory loss, and developmental delays in children.
- Kidney Failure: Accumulates in organs, leading to irreversible damage.
Regulations:
- Global: Banned in cosmetics under the Minamata Convention (1 ppm limit).
- US/EU: Strictly prohibited.

9. Oxybenzone (Chemical Sunscreen)
Found in: Sunscreens, lip balms.
Health Risks:
- Hormone Disruption: Mimics estrogen; linked to endometriosis and low birth weight.
- Allergies: Skin rashes and photosensitivity.
Regulations:
- Hawaii/Palau: Banned due to coral reef damage.
- EU: Restricted to 6% concentration.

10. Lead and Heavy Metals
Found in: Lipsticks, eyeliners (as contaminants).
Health Risks:
- Neurotoxicity: Impaired cognition, behavioral issues (especially in children).
- Anemia: Disrupts hemoglobin production.
Regulations:
- US: FDA allows lead as a contaminant (<10 ppm).
- EU: Banned intentionally added lead; strict limits on contaminants.

11. Resorcinol
Found in: Hair dyes, acne treatments.
Health Risks:
- Thyroid Disruption: Alters hormone production.
- Skin Irritation:** Redness, peeling, and allergies.
Regulations:
- EU: Restricted to 0.5% in hair dyes.
- US: No federal restrictions.

12. Retinoids (Retinol, Tretinoin)
Found in: Anti-aging creams, acne treatments.
Health Risks:
- Birth Defects: Oral retinoids (e.g., Accutane) are teratogenic; topical use during pregnancy is debated but often discouraged.
Regulations:
- Global: Prescription-only for high doses; OTC low-dose products require warnings.

13.

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Hair extensions, whether synthetic or human, involve various chemicals during their production and processing. Here's a comprehensive breakdown:

Human Hair Extensions
1. Bleaching/Dyeing Agents:
- Hydrogen Peroxide: Used to bleach hair.
- Ammonia: Opens hair cuticles for dye penetration.
- Paraphenylenediamine (PPD): Common in dark hair dyes; may cause allergies.
- Alternative Dyes: Henna or vegetable-based dyes in some products.

2. Coatings/Treatments:
- Silicones (e.g., Dimethicone): Add shine and reduce frizz.
- Formaldehyde or Donors (e.g., DMDM Hydantoin): Used in keratin treatments for straightening; alternatives like glyoxylic acid exist.
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: In conditioners for softness.

3. Adhesives:
- Cyanoacrylate: Common in fusion/glue-in extensions.
- Epoxy Resins: Used in tape-in extensions.

4. Preservatives:
- Parabens (Methylparaben, Propyl paraben): Prevent microbial growth.
- Formaldehyde-Releasing Agents: Act as preservatives and texturizers.

5. Contaminants:
- Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury): Trace amounts from low-quality dyes.

Synthetic Hair Extensions
1. Base Materials:
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyester, Polyacrylic: Petroleum-based polymers.

2. Additives:
- Phthalates: Plasticizers for flexibility.
- Flame Retardants (e.g., PBDEs): Meet safety standards (less common now due to regulations).

3. Coatings:
- Silicones: Mimic natural hair texture.
- UV Protectants (e.g., Benzophenones): Prevent color fading.
- Anti-Static Agents (e.g., Behentrimonium Chloride).

4. Solvents:
- Ethanol, Acetone: Residual from manufacturing.

General Considerations
- Fragrances: Occasionally added, though rare.
- Metal Components: Nickel or copper in microbeads/rings (potential allergens).
- Regulatory Variations: Chemical use depends on regional regulations; higher-quality extensions often use fewer harsh chemicals.

Health and Safety Notes
- Allergens: PPD, formaldehyde, and nickel are common irritants.
- Alternatives: Formaldehyde-free treatments and phthalate-free plastics are increasingly available.
- Residues: Traces of shampoos or styling products may remain on human hair.

Dangerous Beauty Products and Their Harmfulness in Relation to Criminal Law in South Africa

1. Introduction
In South Africa, the sale and distribution of dangerous beauty products—those containing harmful substances like mercury, hydroquinone, or unregulated chemicals—pose significant health risks, including skin damage, organ failure, and even death. Criminal law in South Africa addresses such issues through various statutes and regulations aimed at protecting consumers and ensuring public safety.

2. Regulatory Framework
- Cosmetics Regulation: The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) oversees the regulation of cosmetics and health products. Cosmetics must comply with safety standards, and harmful substances are prohibited.
- Consumer Protection Act (CPA): The CPA protects consumers from unsafe products and misleading marketing. Non-compliance can lead to criminal charges.
- National Health Act: This act regulates public health and safety, including the sale of harmful substances.
- Food, Cosmetics, and Disinfectants Act (FCD Act): This act governs the manufacture, sale, and import of cosmetics, ensuring they are safe for use.

3. Criminal Liability
- Intentional Misconduct: Knowingly selling or distributing beauty products containing banned or harmful substances can lead to criminal charges, including fraud or assault.
- Negligence: Failure to ensure product safety or to conduct proper testing can result in charges of culpable homicide if the product causes death.
- Mislabeling and Fraud: Misrepresenting product ingredients or benefits can lead to charges under the CPA or common law fraud.
- Non-Compliance with Regulations**: Violating SAHPRA or FCD Act regulations can result in fines, imprisonment, or both.

4. Specific Criminal Offenses
- Fraud: Selling counterfeit or mislabeled products (e.g., claiming a product is "organic" when it contains harmful chemicals).
- Culpable Homicide: If a dangerous product causes death due to negligence or recklessness.
- Assault: Selling products that cause bodily harm (e.g., severe skin burns or allergic reactions).
- Contravention of the FCD Act**: Selling or importing cosmetics that do not meet safety standards.

5. Case Studies
- Hydroquinone and Mercury in Skin Lighteners: South Africa has seen widespread use of skin-lightening products containing hydroquinone and mercury, which are banned due to their toxicity. In 2020, the government intensified efforts to seize such products and prosecute sellers.
- Counterfeit Cosmetics: The sale of counterfeit makeup containing harmful substances like lead and arsenic has led to arrests and prosecutions under the CPA and FCD Act.
- Illegal Imports: Unregulated beauty products smuggled into South Africa have been linked to health risks, resulting in criminal charges for importers and distributors.

6. Enforcement and Challenges
- SAHPRA and SAPS Collaboration: The South African Police Service (SAPS) works with SAHPRA to enforce regulations and prosecute offenders.
- Public Awareness: Campaigns educate consumers about the dangers of unregulated beauty products.
- Challenges: Limited resources, cross-border smuggling, and the informal market (e.g., street vendors) complicate enforcement efforts.

7. Penalties
- Fines: Under the CPA or FCD Act, fines can be imposed for non-compliance.
- Imprisonment: Serious offenses, such as fraud or culpable homicide, can result in jail time.
- Product Seizure and Destruction: Authorities can confiscate and destroy unsafe products.

8. Conclusion
South Africa’s criminal law framework addresses the harm caused by dangerous beauty products through strict regulations and enforcement. However, challenges such as illegal imports and informal markets require ongoing efforts to protect consumers. Strengthening collaboration between regulatory bodies, law enforcement, and the public is essential to ensure accountability and safety in the beauty industry.

Key Takeaway: Criminal liability in South Africa for dangerous beauty products is enforced through laws like the CPA, FCD Act, and National Health Act. Penalties include fines, imprisonment, and product seizures, with a focus on protecting public health and holding offenders accountable.

06 March 2025

Lack of Response to Complaint Regarding Harmful Broadcast Content

To MMatiwane@dcdt.gov.za on 2025-03-09 14:05

Details Headers Plain text

Dear Department of Communications and Digital Technologies (DCDT),

I hope this email finds you well.

I am writing to formally follow up on my previous complaint dated 10 February 2025, regarding the broadcast and publication of deeply concerning content by Etv, DSTV, and SABC. To date, I have not received any acknowledgment or response addressing these critical concerns, despite the gravity of the matter and its implications for South African society.

The continued failure to respond raises serious legal and ethical concerns regarding the responsibility of film and broadcasting platforms in South Africa. The content highlighted in my complaint—including the normalization of criminal behavior such as rape, drug use, alcoholism, gambling, and violence—violates numerous legal frameworks, including:

The South African Constitution, which upholds the right to dignity, safety, and freedom from discrimination.
The Press Code of Ethics, which explicitly prohibits the publication or broadcast of material that incites harm or promotes illegal activities.
The Films and Publications Act, which mandates the classification and restriction of harmful content, particularly where minors and vulnerable populations are concerned.

Criminal Implications

Failure to take immediate corrective action could amount to criminal negligence under South African law. The promotion of illegal activities, including sexual violence and substance abuse, could be interpreted as:

Aiding and Abetting Criminal Acts – By airing and distributing content that glorifies crime, broadcasters may be complicit in encouraging unlawful behavior.
Failure to Protect Minors – Neglecting to implement stricter age restrictions and parental controls could result in legal action under the Children’s Act (No. 38 of 2005).
Violation of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act – The continued broadcast of harmful content without accountability may constitute an offense under regulations governing responsible media practices.

Involvement of Universities and Other Organizations

Universities Qualifying Leaders:

Several South African universities offer programs that prepare individuals for leadership roles in film broadcasting:

University of the Witwatersrand (Wits): Offers degrees in Film and Television, providing practical and theoretical training.
University of Cape Town (UCT): Provides programs in Film and Media Studies, focusing on critical analysis and production skills.
Rhodes University: Offers Journalism and Media Studies with specializations in television and radio broadcasting.
AFDA (The South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance): Specializes in film, television, and performance education.
Tshwane University of Technology (TUT): Provides courses in Film and Television Production, emphasizing technical skills and industry knowledge.

Business Partnerships:

The film broadcasting sector collaborates with various businesses and organizations:

Broadcasting Corporations:
- South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC): The public broadcaster offering television and radio services.
- eTV: A free-to-air television channel providing diverse programming.
- Multichoice (DStv): A satellite television provider offering numerous channels and services.
Streaming Services:
- Netflix South Africa: Provides a platform for both international and local content, including South African films and series.
Film Commissions and Foundations:
- Gauteng Film Commission (GFC): Promotes and facilitates film production in the Gauteng province.
- KwaZulu-Natal Film Commission: Supports the development of the film industry in the KwaZulu-Natal region.
Production Companies:
- Bomb Productions: Known for producing popular South African television dramas and films.

Additionally, corporate stakeholders, advertisers, and investors funding these media houses should be held accountable for enabling and profiting from the dissemination of harmful content. It is imperative that these institutions review their partnerships and funding policies to ensure compliance with ethical broadcasting standards.

Demand for Immediate Action

Given the severity of this matter, I am requesting an urgent response detailing the steps that will be Acknowledge the complaint and initiate an independent review of the content flagged.

Implement corrective measures, including content removal and public accountability statements from broadcasters.
Ensure compliance with media regulations, particularly regarding child protection and the prevention of crime glorification.

I urge you to treat this matter with the urgency and seriousness it deserves. Kindly confirm receipt of this email and provide a detailed response at your earliest convenience.

Sincerely,
Frans Ramoba
Dika-Moka Youth Development Forum
info@dika-moka.com
www.dika-moka.com
Contact: +27 61 586 6287

-------- Original Message --------

Subject:Fwd: Formal Complaint Against Harmful Media Content Targeting Vulnerable HouseholdsDate:2025-02-17 09:35From:info@dika-moka.comTo:Clientsupport <Clientsupport@fpb.org.za>

To whom it may concern.

Just checking in—did my email come through on your end?

Regards

Frans Ramoba

0615866287

www.dika-moka.com